基于价值工程的绿色建筑投资决策研究

绿色建筑是降低我国建筑能耗、促进可持续发展的必要选择。而投资决策方法是否得当直接影响着开发商对绿色建筑的选择与否。文章指出了传统财务分析只考虑直接经济效益而忽略建筑全寿命成本的不合理性,初步建立了基于价值工程的投资决策系统,为企业提供了一套简易可行的绿色建筑投资决策方法。     

An integrated decision-support approach in prioritizing risks of non-indigenous species in the face of high uncertainty

When evaluating the risks of future invasions, we often have sparse information on the likelihood that a species will arrive, establish and spread in a new environment, and on the potential impacts should this occur. Conventional risk assessment, therefore, is limited in providing guidance in managing the risk of non-indigenous species (NIS). However, risk management decisions must be made facing these uncertainties to avoid high and irreversible impacts.We develop an integrated ecological economic modeling and deliberative multi-criteria evaluation (DMCE) approach to support group decision-making in risk prioritization, using an example of ten NIS that could potentially impact Australian plant industries. This innovative approach seeks to combine the advantages of dynamic modeling with the benefits of DMCE in assessing and communicating uncertainty. The model unveils the complexity of the socio-ecological system of biological invasion, with a scenario analysis designed to interactively communicate scientific uncertainty to decision-makers. The DMCE provides a structured approach to identifying stakeholders' key concerns in addressing economic, social, and environmental dimensions of NIS risk explicitly. Functioning as a platform for risk communication, the DMCE also offers an opportunity for diverse views to enter the decision-making process and for the negotiation of consensus consensuses.     

The value of nonindigenous species risk assessment in international trade

Managing the introduction of nonindigenous species is becoming a major goal of policy-makers at regional, national and international scales. Here we investigate, at the national level, the ideal design and expected net benefits of a risk assessment program for evaluating the desirability of nonindigenous species imports. We show how to enhance the statistical rigor of such a system by correcting a common non-random sampling problem encountered in the data. This correction enables model output to be interpreted in an economically relevant way and facilitates a theoretically rigorous characterization of the balance between trade and nonindigenous species establishment risk. Using reptiles and amphibians imported to the U.S. as a case study, we characterize economic outcomes over a range of cases and demonstrate substantial expected returns to such a screening program, relative to the current effectively open-door policy. Our results are informative for the current debate in the U.S. about whether to require federal agencies to apply risk assessment before allowing a species for import. The framework presented decomposes a complex argument about risk management into component economic and statistical parts, allowing for debate and improved understanding over each element to inform the overall program in a transparent fashion.     

改善民生是中国城乡统筹改革实践的原动力

民生是中国城乡统筹改革实践的原动力。改革起始期,是民生呼唤下的自发改革与政策调整;改革深入期,是民生推动下的体制转轨与制度创新;改革攻坚期,是民生引导下的统筹发展与新农村建设。30年农村改革历程,致使民生问题的不断解决与改革的渐进式节奏相互吻合,推动着"人本"式的农村改革健康有序地发展。     

农民工的城市归属感与定居决策

本文利用2008年珠三角九城市农民工调查数据,对农民工城市定居决策的影响因素进行了实证分析。结果发现,农民工的城市归属感是其定居决策的关键影响因素。农民工的归属感与工资收入、家庭教育、居住条件等显著正相关,与打工时间、年龄、收入缺口、是否存在劳动者权益侵犯等显著负相关。而农民工是否购买保险、是否加入工会、是否接受职业培训等不会显著影响农民工的城市归属感及定居决策。这说明我国的医疗养老保险制度、工会制度、职业培训政策等并未切实保护农民工的利益,需要进行相应的改革。     

基于复合期权的创业板上市公司IPO定价研究

指出传统IPO定价方法用于具有高风险、高成长性等特征的高新技术企业IPO定价的缺陷,将实物期权概念引入IPO定价研究中。根据高新技术企业项目投资的特征,引入复合期权建立相应的数学模型,采用复合期权方法建立高新技术企业的IPO定价模型。最后,通过算例分析说明该模型在实践运用中具有一定的借鉴意义。     

What is a multinational corporation? Classifying the degree of firm-level multinationality

The degree of firm-level multinationality is a key dimension that spans all theoretical frameworks, levels of empirical analysis and domains of investigation in international business research. There is, however, no agreed approach to defining or measuring firm-level multinationality. This is reflected in inconsistent approaches to sample selection and empirical testing, and it has curtailed the advancement of the discipline. We propose that instead of searching for the elusive, all-encompassing definition of an MNC, international business scholars should instead agree on a classification system for the degree of firm-level multinationality. We illustrate the advantages of this approach by constructing a simple classification system that takes into account the firm's breadth and depth of multinational engagements. We illustrate our matrix of firm multinationality by classifying a novel sample of over 1000 firms from seven countries, and we demonstrate how it can guide theory development and empirical testing. We also provide examples of potential future research directions.     

市场获得、地区生产率与外资企业分布

本研究通过构建外商企业在华投资分布的微观决策模型,引入新经济地理理论新型指标——市场获得,并实证测算了我国省份层面的多层次市场空间;我国阶梯型市场获得的区域分布在近20年内并没有收敛趋势;利用1990～2007期间样本实证考察了新形势下外资企业在华布局的动因,发现中间品和最终品市场获得分别促动了＂要素需求型＂和＂产品销售型＂两类外商企业的进入;宏观经济环境和政策因素也不容忽视,尤其＂国民待遇＂的公平性部分抑制了外资进入的积极性。生产率高的区域也为外资所亲睐,外资投资升级是面对中国经济转型的必然选择。     

管理者过度自信与企业金融行为研究述评

行为金融学在放宽理性经济人假设的基础上,分别从投资者非理性和管理者非理性视角研究金融投资和企业决策。基于管理者非理性视角,从企业投资决策、融资决策以及股利分配决策等方面总结了管理者过度自信影响公司金融行为的研究成果,并就这一领域未来的研究方向提出了建议。     

利率决定论的发展和利率市场化的推进

在20世纪30年代之前,西方学者分析了决定和影响利率的实体经济、货币和主观心理等因素,但着重分析实体经济因素。20世纪30年代以来,西方学者又提出流动偏好、可贷基金、债券供求等众多利率决定论的观点,还提出与利率决定有关的IS—LM模型和宏观一金融模型等。要对西方利率决定沦进行总结。要根据利率决定和形成的机理以及社会主义市场经济发展的需要,推进我国利率市场化改革,为此要有较为稳定的宏观经济环境,并深化经济体制改革。